Gross anatomy of the stomach of the dorcas gazelle (Gazella Dorcas, Linnaeus, 1758) / Anatomía macroscópica del estómago de la gacela dorcas (Gazella Dorcas, Linnaeus, 1758)

The macroscopic anatomy of the stomach in four adult dorcas gazelle was described. Four adult, two male and two female dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas) of the Frigya Zoological Park, Enfidha, Tunisie, were used in this study. The ruminal papillae were distributed unequally in the rumen, and were larger and more abundant within the atrium and in the two saccus cecus. The papillae were absent in dorsal part of the dorsal sac. The ruminal pillars had no papillae. The cellulae reticuli were divided and contained secondary and tertiary crests. The curvatura omasi measured 12.1±0.1 cm. A comparison with literature data for sand gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa marica) emphasises that differences between closely related species that fill similar niches cannot be expected to follow a clear pattern, but yield an inhomogenous picture, with some measurements more tending towards a specific feeding type in the one, and some other measurements tending more towards that feeding type in the other species.We concluded that the stomach morphology of the dorcas gazelle indicates the'cattle-type' morphophysiology representative for intermediate feeders.

En este estudio se describe la anatomía macroscópica del estómago de cuatro gacelas dorcas adultas. Se utilizaron cuatro animales adultos, dos machos y dos hembras (Gazella dorcas) del Parque Zoológico Frigya, Enfidha, Túnez. Las papilas ruminales estaban distribuidas de manera desigual en el rumen, y se observaron de mayor tamaño y abundantes dentro de la aurícula, y en ambos saccus cecus. No se observaron papilas en la parte dorsal del saco dorsal. Los reticuli cellulae se dividieron y contenían crestas secundarias y terciarias. La curvatura omasi media 12,1±0,1 cm. Una comparación con los datos de la literatura en gacelas de arena (Gazella subgutturosa marica) indica que no se puede esperar un patrón exacto en las especies estrechamente relacionadas que llenan nichos similares, pero no cuentan con una imagen homogénea. En algunas de las mediciones se observa la tendencia hacia un tipo específico de alimentación en una especie, mientras que otras medidas tienden a asociar este tipo de alimentación a otras especies. La morfología del estómago de la gacela dorcas indica que la morfofisiologia de este tipo de ganado es representativa de alimentadores intermedios.

Effect of BRMS1 expression on proliferation, migration and adhesion of mouse forestomach carcinoma

OBJECTIVE@#To discuss the effect of BRMS1 on the proliferation, migration and adhesion of mouse forestomach carcinoma.@*METHODS@#The constructed pCMV-myc-BRMS1 recombinant plasmid and blank plasmid were transfected into mouse forestomach carcinoma. MTT method was employed to measure the activity of gastric cancer cell; the scratch assay and Transwell assay to measure the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell; the adhesion assay to measure the adhesion of gastric cancer cell; while the Western blot assay to measure the expression of The NF-κB signal pathway, downstream matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and osteopontin and E-cadherin in the gastric cancer cell. Besides, the transplanted animal model of gastric cancer in mice was constructed to measure the size of tumor xenograft.@*RESULTS@#Results of MTT assay showed that, compared with the empty vector control group, the activity of gastric cancer cell was not affected in the BRMS1 transfection group. The improved expression of BRMS1 could inhibit the adhesion, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell (P < 0.01). Besides, compared with the empty vector control group, the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IκBα was reduced in the BRMS1 transfection group, with the decreased expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and osteopontin and the increased expression of E-cadherin (P < 0.01). Results of animal experiment also showed that the expression of BRMS1 did not affect the transplanted tumor.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The expression of BRMS1 can significantly inhibit the adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis of mouse forestomach carcinoma gastric cancer cell, which is related to The NF-κB signal pathway.

Effect of BRMS1 expression on proliferation, migration and adhesion of mouse forestomach carcinoma

Objective: To discuss the effect of BRMS1 on the proliferation, migration and adhesion of mouse forestomach carcinoma. Methods: The constructed pCMV-myc- BRMS1 recombinant plasmid and blank plasmid were transfected into mouse forestomach carcinoma. MTT method was employed to measure the activity of gastric cancer cell; the scratch assay and Transwell assay to measure the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell; the adhesion assay to measure the adhesion of gastric cancer cell; while the Western blot assay to measure the expression of The NF-κB signal pathway, downstream matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and osteopontin and E-cadherin in the gastric cancer cell. Besides, the transplanted animal model of gastric cancer in mice was constructed to measure the size of tumor xenograft. Results: Results of MTT assay showed that, compared with the empty vector control group, the activity of gastric cancer cell was not affected in the BRMS1 transfection group. The improved expression of BRMS1 could inhibit the adhesion, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell (P < 0.01). Besides, compared with the empty vector control group, the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IκBα was reduced in the BRMS1 transfection group, with the decreased expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and osteopontin and the increased expression of E-cadherin (P < 0.01). Results of animal experiment also showed that the expression of BRMS1 did not affect the transplanted tumor. Conclusions: The expression of BRMS1 can significantly inhibit the adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis of mouse forestomach carcinoma gastric cancer cell, which is related to The NF-κB signal pathway.

Histomorphometric characterization of forestomach of yak (Bos grunniens) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau / Caracterización histomorfométrica del preestómago del yak (Bos grunniens) en la Meseta Qinghai-Tíbet

Six forestomachs of yaks (Bos grunniens) were studied with gross dissection and histological methods. It was found that the forestomach of yak consisted of the following three parts, rumen, reticulum and omasum, which were composed of the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa. In addition, the mucosal epithelium was covered with stratified squamous epithelium, with part of keratinized the shallow cells. Rumen, the mucosa of which formed ligulate papillae varying in size and shape, was no muscularis mucosa. Reticulum, consisted of a surface epithelium that invaginated to various extent into the lamina propria, formed various folds in shape, namely, grid-like small rooms. Furthermore, there are many secondary folds densely covered with keratinized papillae. The most striking feature of the omasum was to be formed the laminae omasi varying in length, with short and rough papillae distributing on both sides. Taken together, there was no glands within the mucosa and lamina propria of forestomach of yak, where diffuse lymphoid tissues can be observed clearly. It is, therefore, believed that the yak forestomach may have evolved those specific structural characteristics in response to the unique living environment and dietary habits impose on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Seis preestómagos de yaks (Bos grunniens) fueron estudiados mediante disección macroscópica y métodos histológicos. Se encontró que el preestómago del yak constaba de tres partes: rumen, retículo y omaso, compuestas de mucosa, submucosa, muscular y serosa. Además, el epitelio de la mucosa se conformó con epitelio escamoso estratificado, con parte de células cornificadas superficiales. En el rumen, la mucosa formó papilas linguladas que variaron en tamaño y forma. El retículo, consistió en una superficie epitelial que se invaginó en distinta medida en la lámina propia, conformando varias formas de pliegues, es decir, cuadrículas como pequeños cubículos. Además, existían muchos pliegues secundarios densamente cubiertos con papilas cornificadas. La característica más llamativa del omaso, fue formar láminas que variaron en longitud, con papilas cortas y ásperas distribuidas en ambos lados. Tomados en conjunto, no hubo glándulas dentro de la mucosa y la lámina propia del preestómago del yak, donde los tejidos linfoides difusos se pueden observar claramente. Por lo tanto, creemos que esas características estructurales específicas del preestómago del yak pudieron haber evolucionado en respuesta a las condiciones de vida únicas y hábitos dietéticos que se presentan en la meseta de Qinghai-Tíbet.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of the goat forestomach during prenatal development

Here we report the detection and distribution of synaptophysin (SPY), non-neuronal enolase (NNE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin (VIM), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) expression in the goat forestomach during prenatal development. A total of 140 embryos and fetuses were examined to evaluate protein expression from the first stage of prenatal life until birth. In all cases, SPY immunoreactivity was detected at 53 days gestation in the lamina propria-submucosa, tunica muscularis, serosa, and myenteric plexuses. Immunoreactivity to NNE was observed at 64 days gestation in the same locations as well as the epithelial layer. Glial cells were found at 64 days as indicated by signals corresponding to GFAP and VIM at 39 days. Positive staining for NPY and VIP was observed at 113, 75, and 95 days in the rumen, reticulum, and omasum, respectively, in the lamina propria-submucosa, tunica muscularis, and myenteric plexuses of each of these gastric compartments. These findings indicate possible preparation of the fetal goat forestomach for postnatal function. Compared to other ruminant species, neuroendocrine cells, glial cells and peptidergic innervations markers were detected earlier compared to sheep but at around the same stage as in deer.

Gross anatomy of the stomach of the cervus elaphus barbarus / Anatomía macroscópica del estómago del ciervo elaphus barbarus

The barbary stag is an intermediate feeder ruminant of the Cervidae family. The macroscopic anatomy of the stomach in one adult barbary stag was described. The stomach of the barbary stag was composed of the four classic compartments of the ruminants. The weight of the full stomach was 10.5 Kg. The ruminal papillae were distributed unevenly in the rumen. The maximum height of the cristae reticuli was 0.2 cm. The cellulae reticuli were mostly undivided. The curvatura omasi measured 15.0 cm and the omasum had 15 primary, 10 secondary, 10 tertiary and 17 cuaternaryLaminae omasi. The abomasum had about 12 plicae spirales abomasi.We concluded that the stomach morphology of the barbary stag had characteristics of other intermediate feeder ruminants.

El ciervo de Berbería es un rumiante perteneciente a la familia Cervidae family. Se describió la anatomía macroscópica del estómago de un ciervo de Berbería. El estómago del ciervo estaba compuesto por los clásicos cuatro componentes de los rumiantes. El peso lleno del estómago fue de 10,5 Kg. Las papilas ruminales estaban distribuidas de manera desigual en el rumen. La altura máxima de las crestas reticulares fue de 0,2 cm. La mayoría de las celdas reticulares estaban divididas. La curvatura del omasi medía 15,0 cm y la del omasum presentaba 15 láminas primarias, 10 secundaria, 10 terciarias y 17 cauternarias. El abomasum presentaba alrededor de 12 pliegues espirales. Concluimos que la morfología del estómago del ciervo de Berbería es semejante al de otros rumiantes.

Gross anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract in the Brown Brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira)

We dissected and described the macroscopic anatomy of the stomach and intestines of five adult Brown Brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira), a south american cervid species. The findings of our study as ruminal papillae evenly distributed across the rumen, papillated rumen pillars, the large reticulum with low reticular crests and the small omasum represent typical characteristics of browser ruminants. The ratio of the small intestine to the large intestine of 2.0 appears within the ‘browser range’.

Experimental poisoning by Baccharis megapotamica var. weirii in buffalo / Intoxicação experimental por Baccharis megapotamica var. weirii em búfalos

Five male 6-8 month-old Murrah buffalo calves were orally dosed with the fresh aerial parts of Baccharis megapotamica var. weirii at doses of 1, 3, 4, 5 and 10g/kg body weight (bw) (~1-10mg macrocyclic trichothecenes/kg/bw). The B. megapotamica used for the experiment was harvested on a farm where a recent spontaneous outbreak of poisoning caused by such plant had occurred. Clinical signs appeared 4-20 hours and 4 buffaloes died 18-49 hours after the ingestion of the plant. Clinical signs were apathy, anorexia, and watery diarrhea, fever, colic, drooling, muscle tremors, restlessness, laborious breathing and ruminal atony, and dehydration. The most consistent gross findings were restricted to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract consisted of varying degrees of edema and reddening of the mucosa of the forestomach. Histopathological findings consisted of varying degrees of necrosis of the epithelial lining of the forestomach and of lymphocytes within lymphoid organs and aggregates. Fibrin thrombi were consistently found in sub-mucosal vessels of the forestomach and in the lumen of hepatic sinusoids. It is suggested that dehydration, septicemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation participate in the pathogenesis of the intoxication and play a role as a cause of death. A subsample of B. megapotamica var. weirii was frozen-dried and ground and analyzed using UHPLC (Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography) with high resolution Time of Flight mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry, it was shown that the plant material contained at least 51 different macrocyclic trichothecenes at a total level of 1.1-1.2mg/g. About 15-20% of the total trichothecenes contents was found to be monosaccharide conjugates, with two thirds of these being glucose conjugates and one third constituted by six aldopentose conjugates (probably xylose), which has never been reported in the literature.

As partes aéreas verdes de Baccharis megapotamica var. weirii foram administradas oralmente a cinco búfalos da raça Murrah de 6-8 meses de idade nas doses de 1, 3, 4, 5 e 10g/kg de peso corporal (pc) (~1-10mg de tricotecenos macrocíclicos/kg/pc). A planta usada no experimento foi colhida numa fazenda onde um surto recente de intoxicação espontânea por essa planta havia ocorrido. Nos búfalos deste experimento, os sinais clínicos apareceram 4-20 horas e 4 búfalos morreram 18-49 horas após a ingestão da planta. Os sinais clínicos consistiram de apatia, anorexia, diarreia aquosa, febre, cólica, salivação, tremores musculares, inquietação, respiração laboriosa, atonia ruminal e desidratação. Os achados macroscópicos mais consistentes estavam restritos ao trato gastrointestinal (GI) e consistiram de graus variados de edema e avermelhamento da mucosa dos pré-estômagos. Os achados histopatológicos consistiam de vários graus de necrose do epitélio de revestimento dos pré-estômagos e de linfócitos em agregados e órgãos linfoides. Trombos de fibrina foram consistentemente encontrados nos vasos da submucosa dos pré-estômagos e na luz dos sinusoides hepáticos. É sugerido que desidratação, septicemia e coagulação intravascular disseminada participem da patogênese da intoxicação e sejam fatores responsáveis pela morte dos animais afetados pela intoxicação. Uma subamostra de B. megapotamica var. weirii foi congelada a seco, moída e analisada usando UHPLC (Cromatografia Líquida de Ultra Alta Performance) com espectrometria de tempo-de-vôo de alta resolução e espectrometria de massa em tandem. Foi demonstrado que o material de planta analisado continha pelo menos 51 tricotecenos macrocíclicos diferentes num nível total de 1,1-1,2mg/g. Cerca de 15-20% do conteúdo total de tricotecenos eram conjugados de monossacarídeos, sendo dois terços desses, conjugados de glicose e um terço constituídos por seis conjugados de aldopentose (provavelmente xilose), o que nunca tinha sido antes relatado na literatura.

Study on histopathology of the mouse forestomach neoplasm inducd by B(a)P / 中国癌症杂志

Purpose:To explore the development change of histopathology of the mouse forestomach neoplasm inducd by B(a)P.Methods:A part of the mice were killed each four weeks after they were given benzo(a)pyrene (concentration 5mg/ml) by lavage for four weeks, twice per week. The histopathology of the forestomach was then observed.Results:Forestomach neoplasm was noticed from the 17~(th) week in the mice. Local gland hyperplasia, arrangement disorder gradually developing into glandular abnormality hyperplasia and then transformed into early stomach cancer and finally into aggressive stomach cancer could be observed.Conclusions:Latent period of the mouse forestomach neoplasm induced by B(a)P is about three months. The development course is atrophic gastritis, atypical hyperplasia and stomach cancer.[